Smith, University of Iowa, United States of America (2011) Molecular Epidemiology of Anthrax Cases Associated with Recreational Use of Animal Hides and Yarn in the United States. These cases illustrate the need to acquire and genotype global isolates so that accurate assignments can be made about isolate origins.Ĭitation: Marston CK, Allen CA, Beaudry J, Price EP, Wolken SR, Pearson T, et al. This report illustrates the power of the current genotyping methods and the dramatically different epidemiological conditions that can lead to infections (i.e., contamination by a single genotype versus widespread contamination of numerous genotypes). Isolates from the NY, CT and NH cases diverge from the established canSNP phylogeny near the base of the A.Br.011/009. All isolates associated with the New Hampshire case were identical and had a new genotype (GT 149). The animal products associated with the NY and CT cases were believed to originate from West Africa, but no isolates from this region are available to be genotyped for comparison. All 52 isolates and both clinical specimens related to the New York and Connecticut cases were MLVA-8 GT 1. Twenty eight of the California isolates were in the A.Br.Vollum canSNP lineage and one isolate was in the A.Br. For the California case, four clinical isolates were identified as MLVA-8 genotype (GT) 76 and in the canSNP A.Br.Vollum lineage, which is consistent with the Pakistani origin of the yarn. To determine potential links between the clinical isolate to animal products and their geographic origin, we genotyped (MLVA-8, MVLA-15, and canSNP analysis) 80 environmental and 12 clinical isolates and 2 clinical specimens from five cases of anthrax (California in 1976, New York in 2006, Connecticut in 2007, and New Hampshire in 2009) resulting from recreational handling of animal products.
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